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Interests have been growing in energy management of the cluster effectively in order to reduce the energy consumption as well as the electricity cost. Renewable energy and dynamic pricing schemes in smart grids are two major emerging trends in energy markets. However, current data processing frameworks are not aware of the efficiency of each joule consumed by the data center workloads in the context of these two major trends. In fact, not all joules are equal in the sense that the amount of work that can be done by a joule can vary significantly in data centers. Ignoring this fact leads to significant energy waste (by 25 percent of the total energy consumption in Hadoop YARN on a Facebook production trace according to our study). In this paper, we propose JouleMR, a cost-effective and green-aware data processing framework. Specifically, we investigate how to exploit such joule efficiency to maximize the benefits of renewable energy as well as dynamic pricing schemes for MapReduce framework. We develop job/task scheduling algorithms with a particular focus on the factors on joule efficiency in the data center, including the energy efficiency of MapReduce workloads, renewable energy supply, dynamic pricing and the battery usage. We further develop a simple yet effective performanceenergy consumption model to guide our scheduling decisions. We have implemented JouleMR on top of Hadoop YARN. The experiments demonstrate the accuracy of our models, and the effectiveness of our cost-effective and green-aware optimizations outperform the state-of-the-art implementations over Hadoop YARN.
Niu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.