Finite Element Analysis of the Stress-Strain State of Thin Functionally Graded Plates with an Elliptical Hole

We conducted computer modeling and finite element analysis of stress concentration near an elliptical hole in thin plates made of a functionally graded material (FGM) under uniaxial tension. We investigated the influence of the direction and law of plate material heterogeneity on the magnitude of the stress concentration coefficient. The article provides recommendations for a method for reducing stress concentration near the hole. Rational parameters of FGM plate heterogeneity for the considered problems were found, allowing the stress concentration coefficient to be reduced to ∼ 70%. A mechanical effect was also observed: using a FGM for a plate with the proposed law of elastic modulus variation leads to a reduction in both stress and strain intensity near the hole. The results of this study can be useful in the design and optimization of plate elements with holes in new equipment as an effective practical method for reducing stress concentration through the use of functionally graded materials with specific mechanical properties.