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June 6, 2026Journal of international oral health

Oral Complications Associated with Habitual Khat Chewing: A Systematic Review

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Authors

FAFarouk AlghazalyAirlangga UniversityNHNinuk HariyaniAirlangga UniversityDSDini SetyowatiAirlangga University

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Overview

Systematic review evaluates oral health complications of khat chewing, indicating significant adverse effects.

Key Points

  • This review aims to evaluate the long-term oral health complications associated with habitual khat chewing.
  • Systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies in English published up to August 2024.
  • Included observational and interventional studies assessing oral outcomes in khat chewers.
  • Quality assessment conducted using National Institute of Health tools.
  • Khat chewing is linked to periodontal disease, mucosal lesions, tooth wear, and increased risk of temporomandibular disorders.
  • Inconsistent benefits of reduced plaque and gingival indices were reported, overshadowed by harmful effects.
  • Variability in diagnostic criteria and study design hindered causal conclusions.

Cite This Study

Alghazaly et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a23ba6871a5da9775e76189https://doi.org/10.4103/jioh.jioh_163_25
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