Extraction of Valuable Metals from Technogenic Solutions Formed in Copper Production Processes Using Hydrogen Reduction: A Comprehensive Literature Review

The recovery of valuable metals from technogenic solutions generated during copper production represents a critical challenge in sustainable metallurgy. This literature review examines the extraction of precious metals and strategic elements from copper processing waste streams using hydrogen-based reduction and complementary hydrometallurgical techniques. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent scientific literature, this review synthesizes contemporary methodologies for selective metal recovery, including hydrogen reduction, electrochemical processes, precipitation techniques, and advanced separation technologies. The study demonstrates that hydrogen reduction offers environmentally sustainable advantages over conventional carbon-based reduction, with reported recovery efficiencies exceeding 95% for copper and precious metals. Key findings indicate that integrated hydrometallurgical approaches combining leaching, selective precipitation, and electrochemical methods significantly enhance recovery selectivity and minimize environmental impact. The review emphasizes the importance of process optimization, pH control, and temperature management in achieving high-purity metal products. Furthermore, technogenic waste processing from facilities such as the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine represents a significant opportunity for supplementary raw material development while reducing environmental contamination. This comprehensive review provides a foundation for developing advanced, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible metal recovery technologies from copper production waste streams.