What does this research mean for the field?

The co-occurrence of Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorder is likely explained by a combination of individualized biological, psychological, and social mechanisms rather than a single theory, with 'Weakened Sexual Dimorphism' and 'Resistance to Social Norms' being the most promising models. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to analyze the relationship between gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder, focusing on underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.

June 6, 2026The Journal of Sexual Medicine

(146) Exploring the Link Between Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Theoretical Review

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Authors

MPM PiresInstituto Politécnico da Guarda APA S PiresInstituto Politécnico da Guarda MBM BarrosoInstituto Politécnico da Guarda

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Implication

Narrative review explores the association between gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder, suggesting clinical implications.

Key Points

This review aims to analyze the relationship between gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder, focusing on underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
Conducted a narrative review of literature on gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder.
Analyzed diagnostic criteria from DSM and ICD editions.
Reviewed various biological, psychological, and social explanatory models.
Identified 15 theories explaining the link between gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder.
Notable biological hypotheses include prenatal hormonal exposure and the extreme male brain theory.
Highlighted that individuals with co-occurring gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder face increased mental health risks.

Cite This Study

Pires et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a23bb4471a5da9775e76c51 https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdag118.130

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(146) Exploring the Link Between Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Theoretical Review

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Implication

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Cite This Study

(146) Exploring the Link Between Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Theoretical Review

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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