Protective Effect of Garlic on Diazinon Induced Kidney Toxicity in Rat: A Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation.

INTRODUCTION: Diazinon (DZN) is a widely used pesticide applied in agriculture to eliminate pests, but it can cause adverse effects on various organs. This study investigated the nephrotoxic changes and oxidative stress induced by diazinon, as well as the potential protective role of garlic in ameliorating kidney toxicity in male Wistar rats. METHODS: The animals were treated with diazinon (DZN; 70 mg/ kg/day, orally) with or without garlic extract (500 mg/kg, orally) for four consecutive weeks. Biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol molecules were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. In addition, kidney histopathology was examined using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As expected, DZN significantly increased MDA levels while decreased the levels of CAT, SOD, TAC, and total thiol molecules in kidney tissue. Co-treatment with garlic reversed the oxidative stress status. Moreover, garlic ameliorated the kidney histopathological injuries induced by DZN. Our findings suggest that garlic can be considered a safe and effective agent for mitigating DZN-induced nephrotoxicity.