Key result
KHDS-EM framework proposes four electromagnetic design requirements for co-implanted devices to avoid cardiac interference.
Why the study?
Auxiliary cardiac devices generate electromagnetic fields that can interfere with the heart's intrinsic spiral activation wave.
Introduces a theoretical design framework to mitigate electromagnetic interference from auxiliary cardiac devices on the heart's intrinsic activation.
May inform co-implant electromagnetic design; leaves open prospective validation before clinical adoption.
Version 2.0 extends the Art-Heart framework to the electromagnetic design problem of implanted cardiac devices. The heart's spiral compression geometry (Torrent-Guasp, 2001) is governed by the compression principle v proportional to 1/N. Auxiliary cardiac devices (VADs, pacemakers, wireless power systems) generate electromagnetic fields that can interfere with the heart's intrinsic spiral activation wave. This paper proposes KHDS-EM: four electromagnetic design requirements for co-implanted cardiac devices, including frequency avoidance of cardiac harmonic bands and apex field limits. Addresses Kawasaki Kazuo's concept of hi no utsuwa (悲の器) — the vessel of compassion — in the context of electromagnetic ecosystem design. Pre-registration: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20534889. CC BY 4.0.
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Yoshimitsu Katayama (2026) studied Implanted cardiac devices. KHDS-EM framework was evaluated. The KHDS-EM framework proposes four electromagnetic design requirements for co-implanted cardiac devices to avoid interference with the heart's intrinsic spiral activation wave.
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