This study aims to explore the probabilistic grammar of that/zero alternation in learner English, particularly for Chinese speakers compared to native English speakers.
Analyzed 2621 complement clauses from both Chinese learners and English native speakers.
Utilized conditional inference trees, random forests, and mixed-effects modelling for data analysis.
Examined the influence of clause length, complexity, and task variables on alternation patterns.
Chinese learners exhibited a greater preference for 'that' compared to native speakers.
Sensitivity to clause complexity was reduced in Chinese learners; factors like length and structural complexity had less impact on their usage.
Task variables such as time constraints and essay topics influenced the use of 'that' across both groups.