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This study aims to explore how VLF transmitter signals vary during sunrise under solar minimum conditions.

June 6, 2026AtmosphereOpen Access

Spectral Characteristics of VLF Transmitter Amplitude Variations During Sunrise Under Solar Minimum Conditions

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Randomized trial investigates VLF amplitude changes during sunrise in ionospheric conditions, highlighting potential disturbances.

This study aims to explore how VLF transmitter signals vary during sunrise under solar minimum conditions.
Analyzed VLF signals from NPM-PIU and NPM-PLO paths recorded in Peru (2008-2010).
Used Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and continuous wavelet transform.
Focused on one-hour intervals around amplitude minima during sunrise transition.
Identified recurrent wave-like fluctuations with periods between 2 and 6 min.
Fluctuations increased systematically within ±15 min around amplitude minima.
Enhanced occurrence of fluctuations noted during solstice months.

Samanes et al. (2026) studied this question.

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