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June 6, 2026HorticulturaeOpen Access

Valorization of Propolis Waste for Sustainable Agriculture: The Aqueous Extract Has a Unique Phytotoxic Profile

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Authors

NMNuno MendesSBSandra BarbosaCACristina Almeida Aguiar

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Overview

In vitro study evaluates phytotoxic effects of propolis waste extracts for weed control, suggesting sustainable applications.

Key Points

  • This research aims to explore the phytotoxic effects of propolis waste extracts for potential use as natural bioherbicides in agriculture.
  • Evaluated phytotoxicity of three propolis extracts (two hydroalcoholic and one aqueous) on various plant species.
  • Assessed antioxidant activity using DPPH assay and total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
  • Conducted in vitro germination and growth assays to determine extract effects on root and leaf development.
  • RE23.WE showed the highest phytotoxic effects, particularly inhibiting root growth of sensitive species like Sinapis alba and Lactuca sativa.
  • Cr18.EE70 exhibited the highest phenolic contents and significant effects on epicotyl development of Plantago lanceolata.
  • All extracts inhibited growth of spontaneous weeds, with Plantago lanceolata being the most affected species across the treatments.

Cite This Study

Mendes et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a23bc0571a5da9775e776f1https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12060693
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