Analyzes PM 1 pollution characteristics in Changchun City, suggesting critical interventions for urban air quality.
Urban atmospheric pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), has surged due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent years. This study analyzed 197 daily PM 1 samples from March 12 to December 26, 2018, focusing on their physical and chemical characteristics, including water‐soluble ions, inorganic elements, and carbon species. The annual average PM 1 concentration was 51 μg/m 3 , ranging from 4 to 346 μg/m 3 . Water‐soluble ions made up 23% of PM 1 , with NH 4 NO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and NH 4 HSO 4 as key secondary species. Sulfate was attributed to long‐distance transport and local sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) photochemical oxidation. PM 1 morphology indicated sources like coal fly ash, fuel burning, and vehicle emissions. Ratios of (0.37) and Cl − /Na + (7.61) highlighted road traffic and coal combustion contributions to PM 1 , supported by high enrichment factors of elements like Pb, As, Cd, Sb, Zn, V, Ni, and Co. Increased organic carbon (OC) was also linked to coal combustion and road traffic. This work emphasizes the significance of managing road traffic and coal combustion in local environmental policies.
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