Characterization of Novel Partially Bio-Based, Waste-Derived Composites for Thermal and Acoustic Performance in Buildings

New partially bio-based, waste-derived composites are manufactured from date palm surface fibers (DPSF), waste coffee filters (CFP), and disposable medical isolation gowns (MIG). These three disposable raw materials fill landfills and create an environmental problem. Therefore, the objective of this current study is to use such materials in creating promised thermal insulation and sound absorption boards. Six hybrid composites with different compositions were made using Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) wood adhesive as a binder. Three of them were made of DPSF and MIG, and the other three were composed of DPSF and the CFP. Different tests were performed on the developed composites, such as thermal conductivity measurements, sound absorption and noise reduction determination, surface morphology image analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and three-point bending tests. The results showed that the thermal conductivity coefficients for the hybrids DPSF + MIG and DPSF + CFP are in the ranges 0.0493–0.0613 W/(m·K) and 0.052–0.065 W/(m·K), respectively, over the temperature range 24–82 °C. The sound absorption coefficient (SAC) is greater than 0.4 for all composites at frequency bands greater than 500 Hz. The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) is ≥0.45 for all composites. Surface morphology images of the composites were also reported. The results also show that the composites are thermally stable at temperatures up to 258.3 °C. The flexural modulus ranges between 5.0 and 8.46 MPa for the medical isolation gown composites and 2.49 and 5.57 MPa for the coffee filter paper composites. The hybrid composites have a lower moisture content of 0.51% to 2.5%. These promising results support the use of these composites for thermal insulation and sound absorption in building construction as alternatives to conventional thermal insulations derived from crude fuels.