We report two-dimensional (2D) electron and hole gases induced at the surface of graphite by the electric field effect. The 2D gases reside within a few near-surface atomic layers and exhibit mobilities up to 15 000 and 600.2em0ex0000.3em0excm²∕V0.2em0exs at room and liquid-helium temperatures, respectively. The mobilities imply ballistic transport on μm scale. Pronounced Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations reveal the existence of two types of charge carries in both electron and hole gases.
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Морозов et al. (2005) studied this question.
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