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The increasing population of microgrids with various kinds of plug and play energy resources and rapidly varying demand in distribution systems are multiplying the complexity involved in overall system management. This paper proposes an agent-based transactive energy management framework with a comprehensive energy management system (CEMS) as a solution to address the aggregated complexity induced by microgrids in distribution systems. In this framework, microgrids sell or buy the energy in transactive market, which is an inter-microgrid auction based electricity market, to manage the excess supply or residual demand. CEMS follows a dual phase energy management strategy. In the first stage local auxiliary resources such as demand response and distributed energy storage systems of the microgrids are optimally integrated into system operation to level off the forecasted energy imbalances in microgrids. In the latter stage, the operating configuration of the local auxiliary resources is adjusted in real time along with transactive energy to address the imbalances leftover in the former phase and the forecast errors. The efficacy of the proposed framework and CEMS is verified on a IEEE distribution test feeder system with microgrids.
Nunna et al. (Wed,) studied this question.