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June 7, 2026Environmental ResearchOpen Access

Prenatal cadmium exposure and behavioural and emotional problems across childhood: findings from the INMA birth cohort

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Authors

RSRaquel Soler-BlascoUniversitat Jaume IMLManuel LozanoUniversitat de ValènciaLGLlúcia GonzálezUniversitat de València

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Overview

Randomized trial finds no link between prenatal cadmium exposure and childhood behavioral problems, suggesting genetic factors play a role.

Key Points

  • The study aims to explore the link between prenatal cadmium exposure and behavioral and emotional issues in children from early childhood to pre-adolescence.
  • Examined 1,270 mother-child pairs from the INMA birth cohort in Spain.
  • Measured cadmium and creatinine in maternal urine during the first and third trimesters.
  • Assessed behavioral outcomes using established questionnaires across several ages.
  • No association was found between prenatal cadmium exposure and behavioral or emotional outcomes.
  • Male sex and maternal smoking were linked to poorer behavioral scores.
  • Higher parental education and parity correlated with lower symptom levels.

Cite This Study

Soler-Blasco et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250a717def13d035e1a910https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.124941
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated with Early-Life Exposure to Heavy Metals: A Systematic Review2025 · 25 citations
  2. 2Gestational administration of cadmium alters the neurotransmitter levels in newborn rat brains1998 · 43 citations
  3. 3Urinary Creatinine Concentrations in the U.S. Population: Implications for Urinary Biologic Monitoring Measurements2004 · 1,961 citations
  4. 4Exposure to metals and metalloids among pregnant women from Spain: Levels and associated factors2021 · 60 citations