Sterol regulatory element‑binding proteins: Master regulators of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer and emerging therapeutic targets (Review)

Sterol regulatory element‑binding proteins (SREBPs) are key regulatory factors of lipid synthesis. Tumor cells are highly dependent on SREBP‑driven lipid synthesis for the biogenesis of their cell membranes and signaling molecules. The aberrant activation of SREBPs is a critical event that drives tumorigenesis and progression. SREBPs are a subset of membrane‑bound proteins that function as basic helix‑loop‑helix leucine zipper (bHLH‑Zip) transcription factors. They mainly maintain the homeostasis of lipid metabolism in the body by activating the genes related to the synthesis and uptake of cholesterol, fatty acids and triglycerides. In addition to their involvement in tumor lipid metabolic reprogramming, SREBPs play critical roles in obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. The present review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of SREBPs, their aberrant activation in tumors, their role in promoting the malignant progression of tumors, as well as the relevant targeted therapeutic strategies from different aspects. In conclusion, targeting SREBPs is a promising anticancer strategy, and future studies are needed to further elucidate their intricate regulatory networks to advance precision medicine.