Key result
Female Stelo users show ~7 mg/dL lower mean glucose than males in prediabetes and T2D.
Why the study?
Glucose biosensor use by people without diabetes is increasing, but population-level glucose data are not well characterized.
Observational (n=136,142)
Analysis of over 136,000 glucose biosensor users reveals distinct glycemic clusters and gender differences in mean glucose among individuals with no diabetes, prediabetes, or non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.
Introduction and Objective: Glucose biosensor use by people without diabetes is increasing yet population level glucose data are not well characterized. This study employed novel cluster analysis to characterize glucose profiles of Stelo users. Methods: Data from Stelo users ≥18 years with self-reported glycemic status were analyzed over the initial 10 days of use. K-means cluster analysis was performed using Catch22 features and mean/standard deviation on no diabetes, prediabetes or T2D not insulin treated (NIT) cohorts. CGM metrics were compared across clusters. Linear regression compared CGM metrics for gender and age groups. Results: A total of 136,142 Stelo users were included in the analysis. Females had consistently lower mean glucose than males for no diabetes (−4.5 mg/dL), prediabetes (−7.0 mg/dL) and T2D NIT (−7.1 mg/dL) and higher TIR 70-180 mg/dL and TITR 70-140 mg/dL. Four clusters with distinct glycemic metrics emerged in the no diabetes or prediabetes cohorts and six in T2D NIT. For those reporting no diabetes or prediabetes, clusters 1 and 2 represented approximately 95% of users (Table). Greater heterogeneity was observed in the T2D NIT cohort with clusters 1 and 2 representing approximately 61% of users. Conclusion: This Stelo cohort data represents the largest CGM dataset across individuals who self-report no diabetes, prediabetes or T2D NIT, providing valuable reference glucose data and glucose insights for metabolic health. Disclosure M. Peng: Employee; Current; Dexcom, Inc. J. Layne: Employee; Current; Dexcom, Inc. R.M. Bergenstal: Other - Advisory Panel, Consultant, Clinical Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Other - Consultant, Clinical Research Support; Current; Dexcom, Inc. Research Support; Current; Amgen Inc. Advisory Panel; Current; CeQur SA. Other - Advisory Panel, Consultant, Clinical Research Support; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Current; Insulet Corporation. Research Support; Ended; Luna. Research Support; Current; Medtronic. Other - Advisory Panel, Consultant, Clinical Research Support; Current; Novo Nordisk. Research Support; Current; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Consultant; Current; Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Current; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. Research Support; Current; Zealand Pharma A/S, Sequel, Embecta. A. Carite: Employee; Current; Dexcom, Inc. G. Aleppo: Advisory Panel; Current; Medscape, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Consultant; Current; Eli Lilly and Company, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation. Research Support; Current; AbbVie Inc., Bayer, Fractyl, Insulet Corporation, MannKind Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Medtronic. V.N. Shah: Advisory Panel; Current; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc. Advisory Panel; Ended; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Current; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company. Consultant; Current; Insulet Corporation, T1D Exchange. Advisory Panel; Current; Sanofi, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Consultant; Ended; DreaMed Diabetes, Ltd.
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Peng et al. (2026) conducted an observational in No diabetes, prediabetes, or Type 2 Diabetes Not on Insulin (n=136,142). Stelo glucose biosensor use vs. Males vs Females was evaluated on Glycemic profiles and CGM metrics (mean glucose, TIR 70-180 mg/dL, TITR 70-140 mg/dL). Among 136,142 Stelo users, females had consistently lower mean glucose than males across no diabetes (-4.5 mg/dL), prediabetes (-7.0 mg/dL), and T2D not on insulin (-7.1 mg/dL) cohorts.
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