Correlation of Cervical Length in Early and 2nd Trimester of Pregnancy Estimated by Transvaginal Sonography with Gestational Age at Delivery

Background: Preterm delivery is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, posing a significant burden on healthcare systems.Accurate prediction and timely intervention can reduce the risks associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB).Cervical length (CL) measurement via transvaginal sonography (TVS) has emerged as a key predictor of preterm labor.Methodology: A comprehensive review of literature published between 2018 and 2024 was conducted, focusing on studies involving CL measurements in the early and second trimesters.Prospective, retrospective, and observational studies were included, with data extracted on study design, sample size, patient demographics, and outcomes related to sPTB. Results:The studies consistently demonstrated the predictive value of CL in assessing preterm birth risk.Notably, a CL of less than 25 mm in the second trimester was strongly associated with increased preterm labor risk.Variations in measurement techniques, such as the use of uterocervical angle (UCA) and cervical strain elastography (CSE), were explored, with some methods showing enhanced predictive accuracy.Conclusion: Cervical length measurement via TVS is a crucial tool for predicting preterm birth, particularly when assessed during early and second trimesters.The findings support the integration of CL measurement into routine prenatal care to identify high-risk pregnancies and facilitate timely interventions.Future research should focus on refining predictive techniques and validating alternative methods to improve clinical outcomes.