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June 7, 2026BiomimeticsOpen Access

Artificial Muscles: Electrostatic Actuation and Design Tradeoffs

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Authors

GCGabriel X. ColbornJPJustin PilgrimKHKa Ho

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Overview

Review examines electrostatic actuators' performance in artificial muscles, revealing challenges and future research pathways.

Key Points

  • This paper aims to classify artificial muscle technologies and analyze the performance tradeoffs of electrostatic actuators.
  • Review of various artificial muscle actuation mechanisms including their characteristics and tradeoffs.
  • In-depth analysis of electrostatic actuators focusing on materials, operating principles, and performance metrics.
  • Comparison of actuator families based on factors such as voltage, force, strain, and manufacturability.
  • Electrostatic actuators exhibit fast response times and high energy densities compared to other actuators.
  • Challenges such as dielectric breakdown and fabrication complexity hinder the widespread use of electrostatic artificial muscles.
  • Future research should focus on innovative materials and scalable fabrication techniques to enhance practical deployment.

Cite This Study

Colborn et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250ae37def13d035e1afa0https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11060399
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  1. 1Progress on Artificial Muscles: Material Designs, Structural Engineering, and Actuation Strategies for Advanced Applications2026
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