Morphometric Study of Odontoid Process of Axis Vertebra in the Population of Bihar and Its Clinical Implications

Introduction: The odontoid process (dens) of the axis vertebra plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability and rotational movement of the cervical spine. Variations in its size and shape are clinically important, especially in the management of cervical spine injuries and surgical procedures. The present study was conducted to analyze the morphometric parameters of the odontoid process in the population of Bihar and to understand its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 50 adult dry axis vertebrae collected from the Departments of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna. Only intact vertebrae without any deformity or damage were included. Various parameters, such as height, anteroposterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter, and vertical angle of the odontoid process, were measured using digital vernier calipers. Results: The mean height of the odontoid process was 15.11 mm ± 1.55 mm, the mean APD was 9.82 mm ± 1.09 mm, and the mean transverse diameter was 9.18 mm ± 1.11 mm. The mean vertical angle was 54.07° ± 6.06°. These findings indicate noticeable variation in morphometric dimensions, with relatively smaller measurements compared to some Western populations. Conclusion: This study provides valuable baseline data for the Bihar population, emphasizing the importance of region-specific anatomical knowledge in improving surgical outcomes and patient safety.