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The aim is to explore the principles of Zero-Sum Exchange and its differences from planned and market economies.

June 7, 2026Open Access

Zero-Sum Exchange: Spontaneous Driving Forces of Symbiotic Order and Its Fundamental Distinctions from Planning and Market Systems

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Demonstrates spontaneous resource circulation in Zero-Sum Exchange, suggesting a new economic framework for human living.

The aim is to explore the principles of Zero-Sum Exchange and its differences from planned and market economies.
Theoretical framework analysis of Zero-Sum Exchange
Evaluation of individual motivations in economic systems
Comparison of resource circulation in planned and market economies.
Individuals are motivated by competition for experiences rather than material accumulation.
Zero-Sum Exchange generates continuous resource circulation, avoiding capital concentration.
The model provides an alternative institutional framework for addressing existential questions.

Pige Li (2026) studied this question.

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