FEM-Based Modelling of Incipient Inter-Turn Short-Circuit Faults in Line-Start PMSM Motors for Smart-Mobility Predictive Maintenance

This paper presents a Finite Element Method (FEM) model of a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (LSPMSM) to simulate early-stage stator Inter-Turn Short-Circuit (ITSC) faults in motor-driven assets for smart-mobility infrastructure. Developed in ANSYS Maxwell, the model captures the effects of incipient ITSC faults across a range of fault severities and operating conditions. Phase voltage, current, and rotor speed were obtained under both healthy and faulty conditions to generate a physics-based synthetic dataset for benchmarking features and evaluating early-stage fault-detection algorithms. Spectral analysis revealed a strong correlation between lower-order harmonic components and fault severity, confirming their utility as diagnostic indicators in ITSC fault detection. The model and the proposed dataset are made publicly accessible and designed for scalability, facilitating further analysis and future diagnostic studies.