Key result
Higher vitamin D is linked to lower CKM syndrome odds, potentially preventing ~9% of cases.
Why the study?
Vitamin D deficiency is linked to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome components, but its association with CKM as a unified entity remains underexplored.
Are higher serum 25(OH)D levels associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome in adults aged ≥40 years?
Cross-Sectional (n=12,740)
Yes
Are higher serum 25(OH)D levels associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome in adults aged ≥40 years?
p-value: p=<0.001
Lower serum 25(OH)D levels are independently associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, suggesting that optimizing vitamin D status may reduce the population burden of cardiometabolic abnormalities.
Introduction and Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is mechanistically linked to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome components, yet its association with CKM as a unified entity remains underexplored. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 12,740 adults aged ≥40 years from ten NHANES cycles (1999-2018). CKM syndrome was defined as co-existing chronic kidney disease and cardiometabolic syndrome. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Weighted multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations between 25(OH)D quartiles and CKM/CMS components, adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Restricted cubic splines tested nonlinearity. Population attributable fractions (PAF) estimated preventable cases under two scenarios: elevating 25(OH)D above Q1 or to Q4 levels. Results: CKM prevalence was 12.3%. Participants with CKM had significantly lower mean 25(OH)D (P<0.001). Adjusted analyses revealed inverse dose-response relationships: compared to Q1, the highest quartile (Q4) had significantly lower odds of CKM, CMS, central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and low HDL. Hypertriglyceridemia association was significant only in Q4. Nonlinear trends were evident. PAF analysis indicated that elevating 25(OH)D above Q1 could prevent 9.0%of CKM and 11.6% of CMS. Elevating all to Q4 levels could prevent 29.3%of CMS and 35.0%of low HDL. Stronger associations were observed in males, individuals ≤60 years, and those with PIR>3 . Conclusion: Lower serum 25(OH)D levels are independently associated with higher CKM syndrome prevalence in a nonlinear manner. Optimizing vitamin D status, particularly in high-risk subgroups, may substantially reduce the population burden of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Disclosure J. Yuan: None. X. Zhang: None. Funding Beijing Municipal Science &Technology Commission (Z151100004015021)
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(217967) et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome (n=12,740). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] vs. Lowest quartile (Q1) was evaluated on Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome (p=<0.001). Higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with significantly lower odds of CKM syndrome, and elevating levels above the lowest quartile could potentially prevent 9.0% of CKM cases.
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