Green Synthesis of Tetrazoles and Their Derivatives Using Ionic Liquids

Tetrazoles, a noteworthy class of nitrogen-rich heterocycles, and their derivatives are extensively used in medicinal chemistry, materials science, and coordination chemistry. These compounds exhibit a range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antiasthmatic properties, which makes them valuable for the development of therapeutic agents. The traditional synthesis of tetrazoles has typically required multistep processes that often involve harsh reagents and conditions. However, recent advances in the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents or catalysts have transformed the synthesis of tetrazoles by offering more sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternatives. This manuscript reviews the synthesis and functionalization of tetrazoles and their derivatives using IL-assisted approaches.