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, Zn/Mg/Ca/Al batteries), covering electrolyte selection, metal stripping/plating electrochemistry, and the fundamentals of cathode operation. From a theoretical understanding of redox activities, we summarize the properties of different redox sites and correlate the electrochemical properties of OEMs with various structural factors. This analysis further leads to the introduction of critical design considerations for different types of OEMs. We then critically review a wide range of organic compounds for MMBs, from small organic molecules to redox-active polymers and covalent-organic frameworks, focusing on their structure-property relationships, key electrochemical parameters, and strengths and shortcomings for multivalent ion storage. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and propose potential solutions for further advancing OEMs in MMBs.
Guo et al. (Wed,) studied this question.