Abstract Background BCG immunotherapy is the most widely used therapy for non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas. It is well-tolerated by majority of patients, but in some cases serious complications can occur. Case presentation A 68-old woman was treated with BCG due to bilateral ureteral CIS. After the first BCG instillation she developed gram negative sepsis and cholestatic BCG-hepatitis that progressed to acute liver and respiratory failure. She was successfully treated with anti-TB therapy and adjuvant systemic corticosteroids. Conclusion The timely recognition and appropriate treatment of systemic BCG complications is essential for the achievement of favorable outcome.
Mihanović et al. (Sat,) studied this question.