Observational analysis finds increased cardiovascular risks during menopause, suggesting health implications for women.
Menopause is a natural biological transition characterized by the permanent cessation of menstruation and a marked decline in ovarian estrogen production. Although menopause itself is not a disease, it is associated with significant cardiovascular, metabolic, and vascular changes that may increase the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death among women globally, and the risk rises noticeably after the menopausal transition. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases caused an estimated 19.8 million deaths in 2022, representing about 32% of all global deaths.
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Tillayeva et al. (2026) studied this question.
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