Unveiling the Biosurfactant Potentials From Newly Isolated Bacillus vallismortis BDIFST25004 Against Oil Spill Contamination

Pollution from oil spills poses a significant environmental challenge, necessitating effective and eco‐friendly remediation strategies. This study investigates the biosurfactant production capabilities of Bacillus vallismortis BDIFST25004, isolated from oil‐contaminated soil in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and evaluates its potential for oil spill remediation. The bacterium was cultivated in mineral salt medium (MSM) with 5% glucose (v/v) and 2% petrol oil (v/v) as carbon sources. The cell‐free supernatant reduced surface tension from 64.17 ± 0.60 to 26.56 ± 0.20 mN/m, achieved an emulsification index of 55.56% ± 0.03% and exhibited oil displacement activity. Biosurfactant yield reached 215 mg/L at optimal conditions (35°C, pH 9, 2% NaCl). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography (GC‐FID) confirmed its lipopeptide structure, similar to surfactin. SEM analysis indicated roughly spherical and poly‐dispersed biosurfactant with an average size of 11.0–41.25 nm. The biosurfactant demonstrated effectiveness at low concentrations with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 130 mg/L. In kinetic tests, it achieved 58% motor oil removal from contaminated sand and an oil dispersion index of 61.11% ± 1.11% highlighted its effectiveness in oil spill cleanup. These findings indicate that the biosurfactant from B. vallismortis BDIFST25004 possesses notable surface‐active properties and serves as a sustainable bioremediation agent for oil‐contaminated environments.