Long-term musculoskeletal impacts on the functionality of Brazilian patients after SARS-CoV-2: assessment through telehealth

Background Physical and functional performance of patients who have suffered from SARS-CoV-2 is impaired. Therefore, to better understand the factors associated with musculoskeletal impacts, this study aimed to assess the functional impact in post-SARS-CoV-2 individuals with persistent musculoskeletal symptoms. Methods This was a single-center, cross-sectional study. We selected 47 volunteers with a mean age of 41.4 ± 12.9 years, with a previous diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and persistent symptoms. The Medical Research Council (MRC) scale and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSTS) were used to assess dyspnea and functional capacity, respectively. All the instruments were self-administered via telemonitoring. A P -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was a correlation between the FTSTS and time spent in social distancing ( p = 0.009; rhô = 0.375), showing that the longer the individual remained in social distancing, the longer it took them to perform the FTSTS. The other analyzed variables [age, BMR, and body mass index (BMI)] showed no significant correlations. In addition, individuals who spent longer in social distancing were more likely to have musculoskeletal repercussions ( p = 0.03; 95% CI: 1.00–1.23). This implies that these patients may have deficits in physical performance due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and, consequently, social distancing. Furthermore, achieving the minimum recommended physical activity and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior have become a challenge and necessity. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that prolonged social distancing is associated with musculoskeletal repercussions in post-SARS-CoV-2 patients, evidenced by the significant relationship with sit-to-stand test (FTSTS) performance. These findings suggest that isolation measures, although essential to contain the pandemic, can negatively impact physical functionality, especially when prolonged. Empirical analysis reinforces the importance of early intervention strategies, including exercise and remote physical monitoring, to minimize musculoskeletal consequences in individuals with persistent SARS-CoV-2.