This paper studies the structural response of Castel Sant’Angelo, one of the most representative monuments of Rome, under the effects of tunnelling-induced settlements related to the construction of Piazza Pia/Castel S. Angelo station and the tunnels of Rome Metro Line C Section T2. The assessment is performed through a staged soil-structure analysis workflow, in which excavation-induced settlements obtained from geotechnical analyses are first applied to a linear elastic finite element model of the monument to identify critical zones. Subsequently, nonlinear simulations performed on a reduced model are considered, to better investigate the mechanical response of the portion of the castle most affected by the settlements. To capture the structure behavior and predict potential damage in the masonry, a macromechanical approach is used for the finite element model, describing in detail the monument geometry and focusing on the San Marco and San Matteo bastions, the ones facing the future metro stations. The nonlinear simulations employ a Smeared Crack constitutive model and provide specific insight into potential cracks, while confirming the outcomes of the linear analyses in terms of structure vulnerability. The results demonstrate that the monument is expected to undergo negligible or low levels of structural damage, confined to limited areas.
Tosti et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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