Study on the latest types of Physically Unclonable Functions

It is believed that Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are a cornerstone for hardware security, as they allow device identification without the need to store sensitive keys. This study is based on the theoretical fundamentals of PUFs, the assessment models and the methodologies for testing reliability and uniqueness. Within the scope of this work, targeted studies are integrated, focusing on the modern and applied aspects of PUFs. In particular, surveys centering on Internet of Things (IoT), memory based PUFs and Machine Learning are reviewed. The main objective is to provide a structured overview of the literature, linking the theoretical foundations of PUFs with practical applications in IoT systems and contemporary security threats, while highlighting future research directions.