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In recent years, the mine tunneling method and the new Austrian tunneling method have been considered the main theories of tunneling approaches in China. It is difficult for the traditional technique to overcome the large deformation problems imposed by complex geological conditions of mountain soft rock tunneling. Hence, the compensation excavation method has been proposed to solve this issue under the consideration that all damage in tunneling originates from the excavation. It uses supportive strategies to counteract the excavation effects successfully. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental ideas of the compensation excavation method, methodologies, and field applications. The scientific validity and feasibility of the compensation excavation method were investigated through the practical engineering study of the Muzhailing and Changning tunnels.
He et al. (2022) studied this question.