An Overview of the Pharmacological Applications and Essential Oil Composition of the Tanacetum genus

Plants of the Tanacetum genus (Asteraceae) are widely used as flavor enhancers in foods, as well as in the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Historically appreciated for their pain-relieving, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities, these plants derive their biological activities from a diverse range of phytochemicals. This review consolidates research published between 2000 and 2025 and explores the geographic distribution, traditional medicinal uses, health-related properties, and essential oil composition of Tanacetum species. Through a systematic search of multiple databases using pertinent keywords, data on traditional applications, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological effects were gathered and assessed. Examination of 163 publications reveals that the essential oils of these species are mainly composed of camphor, borneol, 1,8-cineole, camphene, and α-pinene. More than 33 different biological activities have been reported in pharmacological studies, with antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects receiving the most attention. Within the genus, Tanacetum parthenium, T. vulgare, and T. polycephalum have been studied more intensively because of their significant medicinal value and chemical profiles. The evidence underscores that the therapeutic benefits of Tanacetum species are largely attributable to their essential oil components and sesquiterpene lactones.