Advancing nuclear–renewable hybrid energy systems: Perspectives on assessment approaches and research priorities for low-carbon transitions

The growing demand for low-carbon, reliable, and flexible energy systems has renewed interest in nuclear–renewable hybrid energy systems (N-R HESs). This study presents a structured literature review of recent analyses integrating nuclear energy with diverse renewable and complementary technologies. Using systematic identification, screening, and classification procedures, the review synthesizes developments across five major analytical domains: thermodynamic performance, techno-economic feasibility, dynamic modeling, environmental and sustainability assessment, and optimization strategies. The findings highlight the potential of N-R HESs to enhance system flexibility, support grid stability, and enable multi-vector energy provision, while also revealing persistent gaps related to modeling fidelity, cost boundary definitions, empirical validation, and policy readiness. Emerging trends emphasize the value of thermal storage integration, multi-product operation, and advanced optimization techniques in improving efficiency and operational robustness. The review also identifies broader deployment challenges, including regulatory alignment, market design, and societal acceptance. By consolidating current knowledge and outlining priority research needs, this study provides a foundation for advancing methodological approaches and guiding future development of N-R HES as a viable pathway toward resilient, low-carbon energy systems.