Randomized trial demonstrates customizable neural probe arrays with effective conductive polymer electrodes in rats, highlighting future bioelectronics applications.
) into 2PP 3D-printed neural probe architectures via electrochemical deposition. Unlike state-of-the-art thin-film PEDOT coatings, this approach enables the formation of vertically extended, entirely polymer-based electrodes with a length in the millimeter range. These all-polymer electrode arrays exhibit low impedance, excellent electrochemical and mechanical stability, and enable neural recordings in freely moving rats. This fabrication process may thus provide a platform technology for customizable microelectrode arrays, demonstrating the effective integration of a conductive polymer into 2PP 3D-printed microneedle arrays. This platform could be leveraged for a wide range of applications in the broader field of bioelectronics.
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Won et al. (2026) studied this question.
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