Design of energy-efficient lighting methods for vegetation landscape in the carbon neutrality perspective

Climate change research frequently emphasizes diminishing carbon emission in countries and cities; however, attaining carbon neutrality requires more contemplation. The Carbon Neutrality Challenge motivates individuals to estimate their carbon footprint and plant trees to recompense. LED lighting, with its energy efficacy, gives opportunities to elevate energy adaptation and nutrient supply in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial atmospheres. This study evaluates the potential of LEDs as an energy-efficient lighting source for indoor agricultural systems. The study suggests a method for computing vegetation indices based on sunlight. The proposed method employs a constant ‘standard whiteboard response ratio’ (CW), which is optimized using Light Spectrum Optimizer (LSO). This optimization mechanism gives greater outcomes compared to traditional algorithms. The CW value is measured using two cameras over 28 days. The method creates a VI estimate that is in line with the idea of carbon neutrality. The results show that the proposed method performs better at three times of the day, i.e. morning, afternoon and night. In the morning, the proposed mechanism attained a deviation rate of 2.13%. In the afternoon, the deviation rate for the suggested strategy is 2.71%, while it is 2.88% at night.