The impact of artificial light at night on moths (Lepidoptera, Heterocera): A review of the literature and future research directions

Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) is an emerging environmental issue with significant impacts on nocturnal Lepidoptera. To identify key knowledge gaps, we conducted a systematic review of 77 studies addressing the effects of ALAN on moths. Papers were categorized by research type, target taxa, life stage investigated, effect type, publication year, and geographical origin. Our results reveal a marked increase in publications since 2010, predominantly from North America, Europe, and Asia. The adult moth stage received the greatest attention, especially in field studies (48%). Overall, ALAN was found to exert mainly negative effects on moth behavior, reproduction, mobility, and community structure. Despite growing research, substantial gaps remain regarding ALAN's effects on larval and pupal stages. This review underscores the need for further studies to enhance conservation efforts and develop targeted management strategies for nocturnal Lepidoptera.