Determinants of occupational burnout among medical personnel in tertiary hospitals: the complex interplay of demographic characteristics, mental health, and self-efficacy

Occupational burnout is a critical issue affecting medical personnel, with implications for both mental health and quality of care. Understanding the factors associated with burnout is crucial for developing evidence-based interventions. This cross-sectional study involved 1,160 medical personnel from tertiary hospitals in China. Data was collected on demographic characteristics, occupational burnout, mental health and self-efficacy. Multiple linear regression, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling were employed to examine associations. Work tenure ≥ 15 years was a significant protective factor against burnout ( β =-6.806, P < 0.001), as well as other technical personnel showed lower burnout levels than doctors ( β =-4.238, P < 0.001). Structural equation modeling demonstrated that mental health risk had a significantly negative impact on self-efficacy ( β =-0.271, P < 0.001), with self-efficacy exhibiting a negative predictive effect on occupational burnout ( β =-0.309, P < 0.001). Mental health risk also exerted a strong positive direct effect on occupational burnout ( β = 0.877). Self-efficacy partial mediated the pathway between mental health risks and occupational burnout. This study examines burnout among medical staff in Chinese tertiary hospitals. Key factors include work tenure, income, mental health risk, and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy also partly reduces the impact of psychological distress. Different professional roles face varied pressures from clinical, teaching, and research duties. Effective interventions should focus on boosting self-efficacy, improving income, supporting mental health, and tailoring support to family situations and career stages. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to better understand these relationships and develop systematic support systems. Not applicable.