The paper develops a structural account of identity formation in diverse systems, indicating its universal nature.
Singling develops a structural account of how individual agents emerge, differentiate, and maintain coherence within larger evolving systems. Rather than treating individuality as a biological or psychological property, the paper frames “singling” as a universal operator: a process by which a system identifies, stabilizes, and preserves a boundary of distinction while remaining embedded in a larger manifold of relations. The paper argues that singling is not an act of separation but a continuation of coherence under constraint. An individual is not a self‑contained unit but a maintained pattern of selective attention, boundary‑keeping, and relational alignment. This framework dissolves the traditional divide between organism and environment, self and other, and internal versus external causation. By treating singling as a structural operator rather than a biological event, the paper shows how individuality arises in physical, cognitive, social, and linguistic systems. It also demonstrates how drift, collapse, and misalignment occur when singling fails or becomes incoherent. The result is a unified account of identity formation, agency, and differentiation across scales — from cells to persons to cultures.
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Denis Bailey (2026) studied this question.
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