E-waste characterization and disposal in Ghana: A case study of Kumasi Metropolis

E-waste generation in urban Ghana is rising, yet formal management systems remain limited. This study assessed residents’ awareness, attitudes, and disposal practices, characterized e-waste composition, and examined informal workers’ roles in the Kumasi Metropolis. A mixed-method approach involving 427 household questionnaires and 60 semi-structured interviews with collectors, dismantlers, and recyclers was employed. Results indicated that consumer electronics and IT equipment accounted for the majority of e-waste, while most residents replaced devices after more than 5 years and primarily donated or stored unused electronics at home. Informal workers, predominantly young adults with limited education, played key roles in collection and recycling, often using open burning to dispose of residues. The findings address the need for formalized e-waste management systems, public awareness campaigns, and safer recycling practices to mitigate environmental and health risks.