The correlation between family emotional climate and spiritual well-being with cyberbullying and traditional bullying among adolescents

Background. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family emotional climate, spiritual well-being, and cyberbullying and traditional bullying among adolescents. Given the prevalence of bullying as a contemporary social issue and its significant short-term and long-term impacts on both bullies and victims, this study explored the association between family emotional climate, spiritual well-being, and cyberbullying and traditional bullying behaviors in adolescents. Methods. This correlational study involved a sample of 220 male and female adolescents aged 15-18 in Tabriz, Iran, selected using cluster sampling. Participants completed questionnaires on cyberbullying, the Illinois Bully Scale, the Family Environment Scale, and the Spiritual Well-being Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and simultaneous regression analysis. Results. The findings revealed significant correlations between family emotional climate, spiritual well-being, and both cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Family emotional climate was found to predict all subscales of traditional and cyberbullying. However, the results indicated that spiritual well-being could not predict victimization. Conclusion. Considering the significant associations between family emotional climate, spiritual well-being, and bullying behaviors among adolescents, this study underscores the importance of fostering healthy family relationships and promoting spiritual well-being as fundamental components of child rearing. Educational and intervention programs targeting these areas are crucial.