Real-Time IoT Monitoring and Automatic Cut-Off System for Battery Storage in Public Emergency Lighting

Existing emergency lighting systems lack remote diagnostic capability and network-resilient monitoring mechanisms. Prior studies have not addressed key aspects such as data persistence, automated cut-off response, and IoT reliability under fluctuating connectivity conditions. This research introduces an IoT-based battery monitoring architecture for emergency lighting to support Affordable and Clean Energy and Sustainable Cities and Communities through enhanced reliability, efficiency, and intelligent energy management. The proposed system employs an ESP32 microcontroller and INA219 voltage sensor, programmed using C++ and integrated with the Blynk IoT platform for real-time visualization. To mitigate unstable network scenarios, a retry transmission algorithm and EEPROM-based data buffering were implemented to ensure continuity of reporting and prevent measurement loss. System performance was evaluated based on voltage precision—benchmarked against a calibrated multimeter—and communication robustness under varying bandwidth and latency profiles. Experimental results indicate stable measurement performance, with deviations ranging between 0.15–0.30 V, confirming suitability for battery-state assessment. The prototype successfully enables uninterrupted remote monitoring, improves operational safety, and contributes to sustainable energy supervision. Future research will address system scalability, automated response functions, and advanced anomaly detection for broader deployment.