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This review aims to assess the cognitive benefits and linguistic challenges of early foreign language exposure based on a synthesis of 47 studies.

June 11, 2026Discover EducationOpen Access

Early foreign language exposure and its dual effects on cognitive development and language competence in childhood

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This review aims to assess the cognitive benefits and linguistic challenges of early foreign language exposure based on a synthesis of 47 studies.
Systematic critical review of 47 studies
Analysis of cognitive benefits and linguistic challenges related to early language exposure
Evaluation of moderators such as cognitive ability and input quality.
Multilingualism showed a 16% advantage in phonological segmentation accuracy.
Executive function enhancements were noted with an aggregate effect size of d = 0.39.
Early exposure may lead to short-term vocabulary deficits by 12–18% smaller lexicons per language.

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Systematic review examines early foreign language impact on cognitive development and language skills, indicating a need for structured programs.

Dereje Dakamo Tomora (2026) studied this question.

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Systematic review examines early foreign language impact on cognitive development and language skills, indicating a need for structured programs.