Mycobacterium abscesses infection after TMJ arthroscopy

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy is widely regarded as a safe, minimally invasive intervention for temporomandibular disorders, with postoperative infections rarely reported. This article presents the first known instance of bilateral superficial cutaneous infection and mandibular osteomyelitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense after bilateral level II TMJ arthroscopy. This 26-year-old female presented with progressive bilateral pre-auricular swelling, pain, and superficial microabscess formation six weeks after arthroscopy. Antimicrobial therapy, first empiric followed by targeted therapy based on culture in addition to surgical debridement, resulted in successful clinical and radiographic resolution after 12 months. Although exceedingly rare, postoperative infections following TMJ arthroscopy can be severe and life-altering.