What does this research mean for the field?

ChatGPT-4o performs well on general knowledge oral surgery questions but exhibits significantly reduced accuracy on clinical decision-making tasks, particularly when interpreting visual materials like panoramic radiographs and dental models. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the performance of ChatGPT-4o on oral surgery questions from the Japanese National Dental Examination and analyze the impact of visual materials on response accuracy.

September 3, 2026International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryOpen Access

Evaluation of the performance of ChatGPT-4o on oral surgery-related questions in the Japanese National Dental Examination

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Authors

HFH. FukudaKyushu Dental University MMM. MorishitaKyushu Dental University OTO. TakahashiKyushu Dental University

Discussion

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Implication

Evaluation study demonstrates reduced ChatGPT-4o accuracy on image-based dental exam questions, suggesting limits in multimodal clinical reasoning.

Key Points

To evaluate the performance of ChatGPT-4o on oral surgery questions from the Japanese National Dental Examination and analyze the impact of visual materials on response accuracy.
Categorized exam questions by question type (general knowledge versus clinical practice), number of required answers, and presence or type of visual aids.
Assessed performance differences across visual material counts using the Mann–Whitney U test and evaluated the effect of specific image types via multivariable logistic regression.
ChatGPT-4o achieved high accuracy on general knowledge questions but demonstrated lower accuracy on items requiring clinical decision-making.
The presence of visual materials significantly reduced accuracy, with panoramic radiographs (odds ratio 0.46, P = 0.002) and dental models (odds ratio 0.45, P = 0.002) exhibiting the strongest negative effects.
Other visual media, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, demonstrated no statistically significant impact on model accuracy.

Cite This Study

Fukuda et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9935e5636c6408cfa7e8f2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2026.08.026

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September 3, 2026International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryOpen Access

Evaluation of the performance of ChatGPT-4o on oral surgery-related questions in the Japanese National Dental Examination

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

HFH. FukudaKyushu Dental University MMM. MorishitaKyushu Dental University OTO. TakahashiKyushu Dental University

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Evaluation study demonstrates reduced ChatGPT-4o accuracy on image-based dental exam questions, suggesting limits in multimodal clinical reasoning.

Key Points

To evaluate the performance of ChatGPT-4o on oral surgery questions from the Japanese National Dental Examination and analyze the impact of visual materials on response accuracy.
Categorized exam questions by question type (general knowledge versus clinical practice), number of required answers, and presence or type of visual aids.
Assessed performance differences across visual material counts using the Mann–Whitney U test and evaluated the effect of specific image types via multivariable logistic regression.
ChatGPT-4o achieved high accuracy on general knowledge questions but demonstrated lower accuracy on items requiring clinical decision-making.
The presence of visual materials significantly reduced accuracy, with panoramic radiographs (odds ratio 0.46, P = 0.002) and dental models (odds ratio 0.45, P = 0.002) exhibiting the strongest negative effects.
Other visual media, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, demonstrated no statistically significant impact on model accuracy.

Cite This Study

Fukuda et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9935e5636c6408cfa7e8f2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2026.08.026

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