Modern Approaches to Root Canal System Disinfection in the Management of Apical Periodontitis

Irrigation represents a critical stage in endodontic therapy aimed at decreasing microbial contamination within the root canal system. Conventional irrigating agents, although widely applied in clinical practice, are associated with several disadvantages, including cytotoxicity and limited ability to eradicate microorganisms from all anatomical regions of dentin. At present, no existing irrigation solution can be regarded as completely ideal or fully capable of achieving total canal disinfection. This article evaluates the advantages and limitations of both newly introduced and traditionally used irrigation agents and root canal decontamination techniques employed in the treatment of apical periodontitis.