A dataset of meteorological factors in the national desertification land enclosure and protection area of arid desert, Northern Linze County (2018–2023)

Meteorological factors are the key drivers of ecosystem structure and function in arid regions. In the context of global climate change, rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and frequent extreme events may further threaten the ecological security of arid regions. Enhanced meteorological monitoring serves as a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable management in arid areas. This dataset encompasses long-term observation data spanning from April 1, 2018, to December 31, 2023, collected from the national desertification land enclosure and protection area in the northern part of Linze County, Gansu Province. It provides a systematic analysis of the temporal dynamics of microclimate variables and soil temperature and moisture content at daily, monthly, and annual scales. Using the HOBO U30 automatic weather station and multi-parameter sensors, high-resolution data were obtained for air temperature, precipitation, relative moisture content, as well as surface soil temperature and moisture content in the microhabitats of Nitraria sphaerocarpa, Reaumuria songarica shrubs, and in bare land, were obtained. The dataset applies a three-tier quality control system, including instrument calibration, real-time threshold monitoring, and manual cross-checking, ensuring the accuracy and continuity of key variables such as air temperature, precipitation, and soil temperature and moisture content. This dataset reveals the dynamic patterns of microclimate variables in the grazing-prohibited wind-blown sand protection area, quantifies the impact of shrub presence and species differences on ground soil temperature and moisture content, and provides a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of desertified land protection measures. The establishment and public release of this dataset aim to offer long-term, high-quality data for characterizing meteorological conditions in typical desert ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions.