Abstract Ones the kidneys fail to filter out metabolic waste products from the human body, ESRD (end-stage renal disease) occurs. Hemodialysis (HD), renal replacement procedure, is essential in some cases. A rapid flow of blood should be over 200 mL/min is needed for effective HD, and this is only done by using proper vascular access. Right now, arteriovenous fistula (AVF), arteriovenous graft (AVG), and central venous catheter (CVC) the three that were used a major vascular access option. Regarding patency, likelihood of infection, challenges, as well as long-term effects, each one of the vascular access strategies includes pros & cons. Although providing the gold standard vascular access for hemodialysis, AV fistulas possess limitations like late maturation, recurrent needle punctures, as well as infection risk. Needles-free vascular access methods were developed as the outcome of new technological advancements, with the goal of lowering problems from repeated needle insertion and developing comfort for patients. The different hemodialysis access system approaches, particularly needle-free vascular access systems, are addressed in this narrative review. This analysis additionally introduces a concept called SHIVAT, that supports the construction of a safe needle-free vascular access system. Although this SHIVAT can also have some of the complications like stenosis as well as thrombosis and higher chances of risk of infections .so in this article we are providing our innovation idea and this approach trying to lower infection & problems. This review could improve existing knowledge about vascular access systems in HD and guide ESRD patients as well as medical professionals better understand the variety of vascular access choices.
Perumal et al. (Sun,) studied this question.