Marine-Derived Dual BTK-FGFR Inhibitors: Pioneering a New Era of Precision Oncology Therapeutics

INTRODUCTION: The secondary metabolites produced under the extreme and competitive conditions in the ocean represent a rich and varied source of structurally diverse and biologically active compounds, which have tremendous therapeutic potential. Among others, marine invertebrates continue to yield numerous MNPs with notable anticancer properties. Most of these compounds remain an underexplored reservoir for novel drug discovery. METHODS: This study covers indepth literature study (2015-2025) on Marine-Derived Dual BTK-FGFR Inhibitors. Relevant studies were retrieved from databases including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Closely related 110 studies on Marine-Derived Dual BTK-FGFR Inhibitors were included, while unrelated works were excluded. RESULTS: Marine-derived compounds with functional groups, including peptides, terpenoids, alkaloids, and polyketides, have also been shown to inhibit the BTK/FGFR pathway. Several compounds are currently in the preclinical or early-phase of clinical development and show cytotoxicity against multiple cancer cell lines. Computational simulations have predicted bioactivity, refined the model of molecular interactions, and assisted in identifying scaffolds for use in the development of targeted therapies. DISCUSSION: The marine-derived metabolites display unusual chemical scaffold structures that modify BTK and FGFR activity in a very effective manner and decrease the growth of cancer cells. They were selected as potential lead candidates for precision oncology therapies based on computational analyses and newly developing evidence supporting their efficacy as kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSION: Marine invertebrates may provide an exciting source for developing anticancer therapies, as their metabolites are selective modifiers of the BTK and FGFR pathways. Furthermore, when coupled with computational approaches, the integration of marine pharmacology can expedite the identification of strong marinebased therapeutic agents.