Performance assessment: value-driven approach for circular supply chain

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how to assess the performance of a circular supply chain (CSC) by incorporating sustainability objectives aligned with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Target 12.5 and risk categories, managing the dynamic and uncertain nature of circular transitions. Design/methodology/approach This research used an assessment model based on Fuzzy Logic combined with the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method. A case study was conducted, using expert input to identify causal relationships and evaluate performance criteria, including environmental, financial and operational risks. Findings The results of this study indicate that integrating risk into performance assessment enables a more flexible and practical evaluation of CSC. The main causal factors, such as waste prevention and alignment with circular business models, were identified as central criteria. The model captured interdependencies among performance criteria, highlighting the influence of innovation and financial risks. Practical implications This study reinforces the need for decision-making tools that support managers in defining priorities, mitigating risks and aligning internal strategies with circular and sustainability goals. The proposed model provides insights for cross-functional alignment and monitoring of CSC performance. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature by proposing a value-driven decision-making model based on United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Target 12.5 and applying Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory to examine dependencies under risk exposure to support CSCs.